12 kilometers (7.5 miles) east of Stepanakert, on the bank of Qarqar river the fortress of Askeran is located. Its place name is associated with the word ‘us’ meaning divine, heavenly, and ‘kar-an’ meaning stone, stony. In the past the fortress and the nearby settlement were called Mairberd – mother fortress. It served as a gateway to the visitors of Shushi. Even today the main road lies through the fortress.
The first mention of Shushi fortress was made in 18th century. In the 60’s of the 19th century it became one of the cultural and religious centers of Caucasus.